Economics

In the last six years, the Russian economy has been growing steadily: in 1999 the growth was 5%, in 2000 – 8.8%, in 2001 – 5.3%, in 2002 – 4.7%, in 2003 – 7.3%, and in 2004 – 7.1%. The 1^st quarter of 2005 shows a 5.2% GDP growth. According to the government of the Russian Federation, GDP growth in 2005 is expected to be from 6.3% to 6.5%, and the IMF forecasts a 6% growth.

In 2004, Russia’s industrial output grew by 6,1%. In the first quarter of 2005, the growth amounted to 3.9%, and the annual growth for 2005 is expected to be as high as 5.1%. Food-processing and construction industry as well as telecommunications services showed the highest growth of industrial output. In 2000, for the first time the growth in the agricultural sector was recorded. In the period from 1999 to 2004, the inflation was falling gradually. In 2003 the figure was 12%, and in 2004 - 1,7%, while for the first quarter of 2005 the figure is 5.3%. Annual inflation rate for 2005 is expected to be within 10%.

Gold and currency reserves of the Central Bank of Russia amounted to $10 billion at the beginning of 1999; at the end of 2003 the figure was $78 billion, at the end of 2004 – $78 billion. According to the Central Bank’s data of April 14, 2005, Russia’s gold and currency reserves have reached $137.5 billion, and this figure has grown by 10.4% since the beginning of 2005.

The growth of investment activity in 2004 reached 10%. The expected volume of foreign investments in 2005 was 6 billion US dollars, while the expected rate of investment growth was 10%. The growth of foreign investment in 2006 is expected to reach 11%.

In 2004, the budget surplus was 686.5 billion rubles, or 4.1% of the GDP; fiscal revenue in 2004 was 3 trillion 422.26 billion rubles, while expenditures amounted to 2 trillion 735.745 billion rubles.

The federal budget for 2005 was approved on the basis of the projected GDP of 18.72 trillion rubles, and the expected inflation rate of 7.5 to 8,5%. Now the fiscal revenue amounts to 3.326 trillion rubles (17.8% of the GDP), the federal expenditures - to 3.47 trillion rubles (16.3% of the GDP), the budget surplus is 278.1 billion rubles (1.5% of the GDP). The federal budget surplus for 2006 is projected to be 405 billion rubles.

Russia’s external turnover in 2004 was $278.1 billion, thus exceeding by 31.1% the level of 2003; exports increased by 34.8% and reached $183.2 billion, while imports increased by 24.7% and amounted to $94.8 billion.

In the first quarter of 2005 the external turnover growth was 32.3% as against the same period of 2004, and amounted to $68.2 billion. Exports in the period from January to March of 2005 grew 34.5% as against the same period of 2004 and reached $49.5 billion. Imports grew 26.9% and reached $18.7 billion.

The role of the Russian Federation among the CIS countries is determined by the existing situation. Russia accounts for over half the CIS population and for about 70% of the aggregate GDP of the CIS countries. In 2004, the GDP of the Common Economic Space (CES) was over $711 billion, of which Russia accounted for over 70%. Russia also accounts for 80% of the money stock and the currency reserves of the CIS Central Banks. Russia’s share in external turnover of separate CIS countries is from 54 to 88%.

Russia’s share in financing the major CIS institutions is 50%.

 

В современной экономике активно используются новинки связи, ведь в информационном постиндустриальном обществе информация - главный товар. Не только сотовые телефоны, но и портативные радиостанции успешно выполняют эту функцию, а многие портативные радиостанции способны даже выходить в интернет.

В свою очередь, автомобильные радиостанции решают несколько другие задачи, но все они позволяют более оперативно осуществлять связь между путешественниками.